Advanced Placement (AP) World History Practice Exam

Who was Peter the Great?

1. A tsar who modernized Russia and moved the capital

2. A noble who opposed western influence in Russia

3. A military general known for his battles against Sweden

4. A philosopher promoting democracy in Russia

The correct answer is: A tsar who modernized Russia and moved the capital

Peter the Great was a tsar who is widely recognized for his efforts in modernizing Russia in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. His reign marked a significant turning point in the country’s history, as he implemented extensive reforms across various domains, including government, military, and culture. One of his most notable achievements was the establishment of a new Russian capital, St. Petersburg, which he strategically built to open Russia to the Western world, thereby emphasizing the importance of trade and cultural exchange. His modernization efforts included reorganizing the army, introducing a navy, and initiating a series of reforms aimed at adopting European technology and administrative practices. This transformative period aimed not only to strengthen the military but also to align Russia more closely with Western European powers, fostering a new cultural and social order influenced by Western ideas. The other choices do not accurately capture Peter the Great's legacy. While he did engage in military conflicts, particularly against Sweden, his primary identity and impact are tied to his role in modernizing Russia and reshaping its place on the world stage. Additionally, his promotion of western influence contrasts sharply with any notion of opposition to it, as he actively sought to integrate Western practices into Russian society. Lastly, he was not known as a